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Symptoms

Gut microbiota and metabolism

Chapters that readers rate at 4 out of 5 stars or more on average for this question. An average only exists from 3 ratings. You can choose several.

Opportunistic pathogens

Germs that only become a problem when the balance is off. 2 chapters – expand
  • Level:Intermediate After antibiotics: C. difficile and faecal transplants A germ that can take over after antibiotics, and a treatment that works better than any drug. AntibioticsFaecal transplantProbioticsDiarrhoeaGut infectionsBile acidsToxins and mould Established How we rate the evidence Established Recommended in medical guidelines or supported by several consistent meta-analyses of randomised human studies. Well supported Several randomised studies in humans with largely consistent results. Promising Single randomised or controlled studies in humans, not yet independently confirmed — or many consistent observational studies. Plausible Two cases: first observational or pilot studies with small samples — or a settled basis that is not in dispute, such as movement, sleep or meal pauses. But not tested in humans for symptoms. Experimental Barely studied in humans. Mainly lab and animal studies or theoretical reasoning; whether it helps is open.
  • Level:Intermediate Herxheimer reaction, die-off and toxins When feeling worse at the start of treatment is real, and when "detox" is used to explain away harm. Toxins and mouldAntibioticsGut infectionsParasitesProbiotics Promising How we rate the evidence Established Recommended in medical guidelines or supported by several consistent meta-analyses of randomised human studies. Well supported Several randomised studies in humans with largely consistent results. Promising Single randomised or controlled studies in humans, not yet independently confirmed — or many consistent observational studies. Plausible Two cases: first observational or pilot studies with small samples — or a settled basis that is not in dispute, such as movement, sleep or meal pauses. But not tested in humans for symptoms. Experimental Barely studied in humans. Mainly lab and animal studies or theoretical reasoning; whether it helps is open. Community