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Microbial diversity

Why many different species keep the gut stable. 3 chapters – expand
  • Level:Beginner Building microbial diversity Why many different species keep the gut stable and how to rebuild them after antibiotics. Plant diversityFermented foodsProbioticsAntibioticsFibre Promising How we rate the evidence Established Recommended in medical guidelines or supported by several consistent meta-analyses of randomised human studies. Well supported Several randomised studies in humans with largely consistent results. Promising Single randomised or controlled studies in humans, not yet independently confirmed — or many consistent observational studies. Plausible Two cases: first observational or pilot studies with small samples — or a settled basis that is not in dispute, such as movement, sleep or meal pauses. But not tested in humans for symptoms. Experimental Barely studied in humans. Mainly lab and animal studies or theoretical reasoning; whether it helps is open.
  • Level:Beginner Using fermented foods well Sauerkraut, kefir, kimchi: what the studies show and how to include them. Fermented foodsProbioticsHistamineInflammation Promising How we rate the evidence Established Recommended in medical guidelines or supported by several consistent meta-analyses of randomised human studies. Well supported Several randomised studies in humans with largely consistent results. Promising Single randomised or controlled studies in humans, not yet independently confirmed — or many consistent observational studies. Plausible Two cases: first observational or pilot studies with small samples — or a settled basis that is not in dispute, such as movement, sleep or meal pauses. But not tested in humans for symptoms. Experimental Barely studied in humans. Mainly lab and animal studies or theoretical reasoning; whether it helps is open.
  • Level:Beginner The first microbiome: birth, breastfeeding, antibiotics and what remains In the first three years of life the gut microbiota forms, and the immune system learns from it. What birth mode, breastfeeding, antibiotics, siblings and pets have to do with it, what evens out later, and what parents can really do. AntibioticsProbioticsAllergiesAntibiotic resistanceFaecal transplant Promising How we rate the evidence Established Recommended in medical guidelines or supported by several consistent meta-analyses of randomised human studies. Well supported Several randomised studies in humans with largely consistent results. Promising Single randomised or controlled studies in humans, not yet independently confirmed — or many consistent observational studies. Plausible Two cases: first observational or pilot studies with small samples — or a settled basis that is not in dispute, such as movement, sleep or meal pauses. But not tested in humans for symptoms. Experimental Barely studied in humans. Mainly lab and animal studies or theoretical reasoning; whether it helps is open.

Digestive function

Stomach acid, bile and enzymes as groundwork for the gut. 1 chapter – expand
  • Level:Beginner When the supplement itself is the problem: iron, magnesium, excipients and more People struggling with their gut often take several supplements at once. Some of them trigger exactly the symptoms they are meant to relieve. Which products typically cause diarrhoea, constipation or bloating, what tablets contain besides the active ingredient, and how to find the culprit. MedicationVitamins and fatty acidsNutrientsProbioticsSweetenersBloatingDiarrhoeaConstipation Promising How we rate the evidence Established Recommended in medical guidelines or supported by several consistent meta-analyses of randomised human studies. Well supported Several randomised studies in humans with largely consistent results. Promising Single randomised or controlled studies in humans, not yet independently confirmed — or many consistent observational studies. Plausible Two cases: first observational or pilot studies with small samples — or a settled basis that is not in dispute, such as movement, sleep or meal pauses. But not tested in humans for symptoms. Experimental Barely studied in humans. Mainly lab and animal studies or theoretical reasoning; whether it helps is open. Community