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Gut microbiota and metabolism

Pathogens and infections

Everyday life and body

Chapters that readers rate at 4 out of 5 stars or more on average for this question. An average only exists from 3 ratings. You can choose several.

Opportunistic pathogens

Germs that only become a problem when the balance is off. 2 chapters – expand
  • Level:Intermediate Opportunistic pathogens Germs that are always there and only become a problem when the balance tips. AntibioticsAcid blockersMedicationProbioticsGut infectionsInflammationTests and diagnostics Promising How we rate the evidence Established Recommended in medical guidelines or supported by several consistent meta-analyses of randomised human studies. Well supported Several randomised studies in humans with largely consistent results. Promising Single randomised or controlled studies in humans, not yet independently confirmed — or many consistent observational studies. Plausible Two cases: first observational or pilot studies with small samples — or a settled basis that is not in dispute, such as movement, sleep or meal pauses. But not tested in humans for symptoms. Experimental Barely studied in humans. Mainly lab and animal studies or theoretical reasoning; whether it helps is open.
  • Level:Intermediate Mouth and gut: how teeth, gums and mouthwash touch the gut flora Every day we swallow billions of mouth bacteria. Usually this is harmless, but with inflamed gums, acid blockers or a weakened gut flora, some of them settle in the gut. Mouth and teethAcid blockersInflammation Plausible How we rate the evidence Established Recommended in medical guidelines or supported by several consistent meta-analyses of randomised human studies. Well supported Several randomised studies in humans with largely consistent results. Promising Single randomised or controlled studies in humans, not yet independently confirmed — or many consistent observational studies. Plausible Two cases: first observational or pilot studies with small samples — or a settled basis that is not in dispute, such as movement, sleep or meal pauses. But not tested in humans for symptoms. Experimental Barely studied in humans. Mainly lab and animal studies or theoretical reasoning; whether it helps is open.