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Gut barrier

The gut lining as the border between gut contents and the body. 1 chapter – expand
  • Level:Intermediate Mould: mycotoxins in food and damp in the home What mould toxins can do in the gut, which dangers are well established, and which tests and cures do not deliver what they promise. Toxins and mouldInflammationTests and diagnostics Promising How we rate the evidence Established Recommended in medical guidelines or supported by several consistent meta-analyses of randomised human studies. Well supported Several randomised studies in humans with largely consistent results. Promising Single randomised or controlled studies in humans, not yet independently confirmed — or many consistent observational studies. Plausible Two cases: first observational or pilot studies with small samples — or a settled basis that is not in dispute, such as movement, sleep or meal pauses. But not tested in humans for symptoms. Experimental Barely studied in humans. Mainly lab and animal studies or theoretical reasoning; whether it helps is open. Community

Opportunistic pathogens

Germs that only become a problem when the balance is off. 2 chapters – expand
  • Level:Intermediate After antibiotics: C. difficile and faecal transplants A germ that can take over after antibiotics, and a treatment that works better than any drug. AntibioticsFaecal transplantProbioticsDiarrhoeaGut infectionsBile acidsToxins and mould Established How we rate the evidence Established Recommended in medical guidelines or supported by several consistent meta-analyses of randomised human studies. Well supported Several randomised studies in humans with largely consistent results. Promising Single randomised or controlled studies in humans, not yet independently confirmed — or many consistent observational studies. Plausible Two cases: first observational or pilot studies with small samples — or a settled basis that is not in dispute, such as movement, sleep or meal pauses. But not tested in humans for symptoms. Experimental Barely studied in humans. Mainly lab and animal studies or theoretical reasoning; whether it helps is open.
  • Level:Intermediate Herxheimer reaction, die-off and toxins When feeling worse at the start of treatment is real, and when "detox" is used to explain away harm. Toxins and mouldAntibioticsGut infectionsParasitesProbiotics Promising How we rate the evidence Established Recommended in medical guidelines or supported by several consistent meta-analyses of randomised human studies. Well supported Several randomised studies in humans with largely consistent results. Promising Single randomised or controlled studies in humans, not yet independently confirmed — or many consistent observational studies. Plausible Two cases: first observational or pilot studies with small samples — or a settled basis that is not in dispute, such as movement, sleep or meal pauses. But not tested in humans for symptoms. Experimental Barely studied in humans. Mainly lab and animal studies or theoretical reasoning; whether it helps is open. Community

Digestive function

Stomach acid, bile and enzymes as groundwork for the gut. 1 chapter – expand
  • Level:Intermediate Oxalate, salicylate, lectins: hidden culprits or internet myth? Where these plant compounds really cause problems, such as kidney stones, after bowel surgery or with raw beans, and why lists against "oxalate dumping" and lectins tend to harm the gut. Toxins and mouldPlant diversityFibreMedication Promising How we rate the evidence Established Recommended in medical guidelines or supported by several consistent meta-analyses of randomised human studies. Well supported Several randomised studies in humans with largely consistent results. Promising Single randomised or controlled studies in humans, not yet independently confirmed — or many consistent observational studies. Plausible Two cases: first observational or pilot studies with small samples — or a settled basis that is not in dispute, such as movement, sleep or meal pauses. But not tested in humans for symptoms. Experimental Barely studied in humans. Mainly lab and animal studies or theoretical reasoning; whether it helps is open. Community