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Gut microbiota and metabolism

Treatment and tests

Everyday life and body

Chapters that readers rate at 4 out of 5 stars or more on average for this question. An average only exists from 3 ratings. You can choose several.

Gut barrier

The gut lining as the border between gut contents and the body. 1 chapter – expand
  • Level:Intermediate Longer fasting: water fasting, therapeutic fasting and fasting-mimicking How several days without food remodel the gut microbiota, what studies on therapeutic fasting and fasting-mimicking diets show, and where the risks lie. FastingInflammationBody weight Plausible How we rate the evidence Established Recommended in medical guidelines or supported by several consistent meta-analyses of randomised human studies. Well supported Several randomised studies in humans with largely consistent results. Promising Single randomised or controlled studies in humans, not yet independently confirmed — or many consistent observational studies. Plausible Two cases: first observational or pilot studies with small samples — or a settled basis that is not in dispute, such as movement, sleep or meal pauses. But not tested in humans for symptoms. Experimental Barely studied in humans. Mainly lab and animal studies or theoretical reasoning; whether it helps is open.

Digestive function

Stomach acid, bile and enzymes as groundwork for the gut. 1 chapter – expand
  • Level:Intermediate Pressure under the right ribs: bile, liver and gallstones A feeling of pressure in the upper right abdomen makes many people think of the gallbladder. What makes a real biliary colic, what “thick bile” means medically, and which other causes are more common. Bile acidsTests and diagnosticsBody weightFasting Promising How we rate the evidence Established Recommended in medical guidelines or supported by several consistent meta-analyses of randomised human studies. Well supported Several randomised studies in humans with largely consistent results. Promising Single randomised or controlled studies in humans, not yet independently confirmed — or many consistent observational studies. Plausible Two cases: first observational or pilot studies with small samples — or a settled basis that is not in dispute, such as movement, sleep or meal pauses. But not tested in humans for symptoms. Experimental Barely studied in humans. Mainly lab and animal studies or theoretical reasoning; whether it helps is open. Community