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Intolerances

Gut microbiota and metabolism

Everyday life and body

Chapters that readers rate at 4 out of 5 stars or more on average for this question. An average only exists from 3 ratings. You can choose several.

Gut barrier

The gut lining as the border between gut contents and the body. 1 chapter – expand
  • Level:Intermediate Butyrate and other short-chain fatty acids What gut bacteria make from fibre and what the body needs these substances for. Short-chain fatty acidsFibreInflammationPlant diversity Promising How we rate the evidence Established Recommended in medical guidelines or supported by several consistent meta-analyses of randomised human studies. Well supported Several randomised studies in humans with largely consistent results. Promising Single randomised or controlled studies in humans, not yet independently confirmed — or many consistent observational studies. Plausible Two cases: first observational or pilot studies with small samples — or a settled basis that is not in dispute, such as movement, sleep or meal pauses. But not tested in humans for symptoms. Experimental Barely studied in humans. Mainly lab and animal studies or theoretical reasoning; whether it helps is open.

Microbial diversity

Why many different species keep the gut stable. 1 chapter – expand
  • Level:Intermediate Carnivore and keto: less gas, but at what cost? Why many people feel less bloated on an all-meat or ketogenic diet, what this does to gut bacteria, and why experts do not recommend it for gut health. FibreShort-chain fatty acidsPlant diversityBloatingBody weight Promising How we rate the evidence Established Recommended in medical guidelines or supported by several consistent meta-analyses of randomised human studies. Well supported Several randomised studies in humans with largely consistent results. Promising Single randomised or controlled studies in humans, not yet independently confirmed — or many consistent observational studies. Plausible Two cases: first observational or pilot studies with small samples — or a settled basis that is not in dispute, such as movement, sleep or meal pauses. But not tested in humans for symptoms. Experimental Barely studied in humans. Mainly lab and animal studies or theoretical reasoning; whether it helps is open. Community

Small intestine colonisation

When bacteria grow where few belong. 1 chapter – expand
  • Level:Intermediate Prebiotics that build up gently Why some fibres cause bloating and others feed the gut microbiota gently. FibreBloatingFODMAPShort-chain fatty acidsIBSPrebiotics Promising How we rate the evidence Established Recommended in medical guidelines or supported by several consistent meta-analyses of randomised human studies. Well supported Several randomised studies in humans with largely consistent results. Promising Single randomised or controlled studies in humans, not yet independently confirmed — or many consistent observational studies. Plausible Two cases: first observational or pilot studies with small samples — or a settled basis that is not in dispute, such as movement, sleep or meal pauses. But not tested in humans for symptoms. Experimental Barely studied in humans. Mainly lab and animal studies or theoretical reasoning; whether it helps is open. Community